UK and US navies test unmanned surveillance ships in Persian Gulf

The UK and US navies have held a joint drone drill in the Persian Gulf, testing the same unmanned surveillance ships that Iran has twice seized in recent months in the Middle East.

The exercise came as the US Navy separately told commercial shipping companies in the wider Middle East that it would continue using drones in the region and warned against interfering with their operations.

The drone drill — and the American pledge to keep sailing them — also comes as tensions between the US and Iran on the seas remain high amid stalled negotiations over its tattered nuclear deal with world powers and as protests sweep the Islamic Republic.

Friday’s drill involved two American and two British warships in the Persian Gulf, as well as three Saildrone Explorers, said Timothy Hawkins, a spokesman for the Navy’s 5th Fleet.

The drones searched for a target on the seas, then sent the still images its cameras captured back to both the warships and the 5th Fleet’s command centre in the island kingdom of Bahrain.

There, an artificial intelligence system worked through the photos.

The 5th Fleet launched its unmanned Task Force 59 last year. Drones used by the Navy include ultra-endurance aerial surveillance drones, surface ships like the Sea Hawk and the Sea Hunter and smaller underwater drones that resemble torpedoes.

But of particular interest for the Navy has been the Saildrone Explorer, a commercially available drone that can stay at sea for long periods of time.

That is crucial for a region that has 5,000 miles of coastline from the Suez Canal, down the Red Sea to the Gulf of Oman, the Strait of Hormuz and into the Persian Gulf.

It is a vast territory that stretches the reach of the Navy and its allies and has seen a series of attacks amid the nuclear accord’s collapse.

It also remains crucial to global shipping and energy supplies, as a fifth of all oil traded passes through the Strait of Hormuz.

“No matter what forces you have, you can’t cover all that,” Mr Hawkins told The Associated Press. “You have to do that in a partnered way and an innovative way.”

But Iran views the drones with suspicion. In August and September, Iranian regular and paramilitary forces seized Saildrones in both the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, alleging without providing evidence that the drones posed a danger to nearby ships.

Iran ultimately released the drones after the US Navy arrived at the sites. Cameras on the Saildrones involved in the Red Sea incident went missing.

“Recent events notwithstanding, we have been operating these systems safely, responsibly and in accordance with international law and will continue to do so,” Mr Hawkins said.

The Navy underscored its plan to keep operating the drones in notices sent to shipping firms and sailors in the region.

It said that the drones would continue to broadcast their location via their Automatic Identification System trackers.

Ships are supposed to keep their AIS trackers on, but Iranian vessels routinely turn theirs off to mask their movements as Tehran faces international sanctions over its nuclear programme and human rights abuses.

“US Navy (drones) are US government property and will lawfully operate in international waters and through straits in accordance with internationally recognised rights and freedoms,” the Navy said in the notice. “Any interference with US Navy (drones) will be considered a violation of the norms of international maritime law.”